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Monkey D. Luffy | |
---|---|
One Piece character | |
First appearance | One Piece chapter 1: 'Romance Dawn' (Weekly Shōnen Jump No. 34, 1997) |
Created by | Eiichiro Oda |
Voiced by | Japanese Mayumi Tanaka Urara Takano (Defeat Him! The Pirate Ganzack!) English Erica Schroeder (4Kids dub) Colleen Clinkenbeard (Funimation dub) |
Profile | |
Alias | 'Straw Hat' (麦わらMugiwara) |
Relatives |
|
Affiliations | Straw Hat Pirates (captain) Straw Hat Grand Fleet (captain) Dadan Family (former) |
Devil Fruit | Gum-Gum Fruit (ゴムゴムの実Gomu Gomu no Mi) |
Monkey D. 'Straw Hat'[n 1]Luffy[n 2] (Japanese: モンキー・D・ルフィHepburn: Monkī Dī Rufi) is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the One Piece manga series, created by Eiichiro Oda. Luffy made his debut in One Piece chapter #1 as a young boy who acquires the properties of rubber after inadvertently eating the supernatural Gum-Gum Fruit.
He sails from the East Blue Sea to the Grand Line in search of the legendary treasure, One Piece, to succeed Gol D. Roger as King of the Pirates. Luffy, captain of the Straw Hat Pirates, recruits crew members, fights antagonists, and aids and befriends the inhabitants of several islands during his journey. Usually cheerful, he becomes serious when he fights. Luffy uses his elasticity to concentrate his power, executing a range of attacks. In his signature attack, Gum-Gum Pistol, he slingshots punches at opponents from a distance.
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Luffy appears in most of the episodes, films, television specials, and OVAs of the manga's anime adaptations and several of the franchise's video games. Due to the series' international popularity, Luffy has become one of the world's most recognizable anime characters. In addition to the One Piece franchise, the character has appeared in a number of manga and anime series and collaborative video games. His critical reception has been largely positive.
- 1Creation and conception
- 2Description
- 3Appearances
Creation and conception[edit]
Development[edit]
When Eiichiro Oda created Luffy, he strove for a 'manliness' similar to that of Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball series.[1] Oda said that he named his main character 'Luffy' because he felt that the name suited him. When he later learned about the sailing term, 'luffing', he was delighted by the coincidence.[2] In his prototype one-shots, 'Romance Dawn', Oda refined the artistic style and story elements before publishing the final product a year later as the first chapter of One Piece. In the second version of 'Romance Dawn', Luffy resembled his design at the beginning of the series.[3] To please his readers, Oda added rubberization to Luffy for comic effect[2] and tries to make the character straightforward.[4]
Voice actors[edit]
In the original Japanese version of the One Piece anime series and later spin-offs of the franchise, Luffy was voiced by Mayumi Tanaka.[5] Tanaka said jokingly that she regrets providing Luffy's voice because she is a mother in real life and Luffy is much younger.[6] Asked about her voicing, Tanaka said that she 'strives for reality' in scenes where Luffy speaks when he is eating or touching his nose.[7] In the OVA Defeat the Pirate Ganzack!, Luffy was voiced by Urara Takano.[8]
The character was voiced by Erica Schroeder in the 4Kids English-language dub of the series and succeeded by Colleen Clinkenbeard in Funimation's English-language dub of the One Piece franchise.[9]
Description[edit]
Luffy is usually recognizable by his straw hat, a gift from 'Red-Haired' Shanks. In his early childhood, he wears a white shirt and blue shorts. The character has a scar under his left eye from stabbing himself to demonstrate his courage to Shanks and his crew.[10] He later wears a red vest, denim shorts and sandals before replacing his vest with a red, unbuttoned sea captain's coat[11] (revealing the X-shaped scar on his chest he received from Akainu),[12] and a yellow sash tied around his waist.[11]
Personality[edit]
Luffy is portrayed as a carefree, happy-go-lucky character with great ambition and a huge appetite, often thinking with his stomach and comically gorging himself. Optimistic[13] and generally good-hearted, he is not as dimwitted as many believe him to be and often demonstrates more understanding than the other characters expect. Knowing the danger ahead, Luffy is willing to risk his life to become King of the Pirates and protect his crew. A capable and reliable captain, he never puts his crew or himself at risk out of incompetence. During the Loguetown story arc, Smoker (a navy captain at the time) says that Luffy 'enjoys playing stupid'; Luffy responds with a mysterious smile.
He enlists Chopper and Brook for his crew for their personality or appearance, but also because of his instinctive ability to read people. Luffy needs key jobs filled by his crew (cook, navigator, doctor, musician and shipwright, filled by Sanji, Nami, Chopper, Brook and Franky respectively). At the beginning of the series, he said that he wanted at least 10 crew members with abilities he felt necessary for his goal. Despite his carefree personality, each crew member respects him in their own way.[14][15]Luffy is rarely concerned about the consequences of his actions, doing what he feels in the moment even if it leads to retaliation by a powerful force.[16]He is an extremely loyal captain, who has demonstrated throughout the series that he is willing to risk his life for the well-being of his crew.[17]
Abilities[edit]
Luffy's rubberiness is a result of eating a Devil Fruit named Gum-Gum fruit,[n 3][18] which makes him immune to electric attacks and most blunt forces, also gives him the ability to stretch his body at will. He uses his elasticity to accelerate part or all of his body to deliver punches, kicks, head butts and body checks or for propulsion. Like others exposed to Devil Fruit, Luffy cannot swim; when he is submerged in water or contacts the Sea-Prism Stone, he loses his strength and cannot move on his own. In addition to his Devil Fruit powers, he has immense strength and endurance.
Luffy's signature attack is the Gum-Gum Pistol, a punch which he learned during years of training. Another technique developed later in the series is Second Gear (ギア
Eventually, Luffy develops his latent ability to use Haki (覇気, ambition). This ability has two main types: Armament Haki (武装色の覇気Busōshoku no Haki), an armor-like force which can amplify defense and the force of attacks and negate a Devil Fruit user's defense, allow physical contact and damage, and Observation Haki (見聞色の覇気Kenbunshoku no Haki), a sixth sense which can read a person's moves and detect their presence. He also has a rare third type, the Conquering King's Haki (覇王色の覇気Haōshoku no Haki), which can render people or animals near him unconscious.[20] Two years later, Luffy masters the three types of Haki and uses them with his improved attacks. As a result of his encounter with Magellan, he has also developed an immunity to poison (although it is shown that a strong poison may affect him, albeit very slowly). During his fight against Charlotte Katakuri, Luffy's Observation Haki gains the ability of seeing several seconds into the future.[21]
Luffy develops another technique, Fourth Gear (ギア
Appearances[edit]
One Piece[edit]
Luffy first appears as a young boy in Windmill Village, who befriends the pirate 'Red-Haired' Shanks and intends to become one himself. He accidentally eats the Gum-Gum fruit and acquires rubber powers at the cost of being able to swim. Luffy is later saved at sea by Shanks from being devoured by a Sea King, a large sea beast, and Shanks loses an arm. Ten years later, Luffy leaves the village in search of the One Piece treasure and to become King of the Pirates. He meets swordsman Roronoa Zoro, ocean navigator and thief Nami, cowardly marksman and liar Usopp, and chivalrous chef Sanji, and invites them to join his crew. Luffy also encounters and defeats the East Blue pirate Buggy the Clown and the fishman Arlong, becoming known to the general populace and the pirate-hating Marines. The crew leaves the peaceful East Blue and enters the dangerous Grand Line on their ship the Going Merry. He later accepts an offer to return Princess Nefertari Vivi of Alabasta to her homeland to stop a rebellion incited by Seven Warlords of the Sea member and Baroque Works crime-syndicate leader Sir Crocodile. On the way Nami nearly dies of an illness, and crew go to the winter Drum Island, which was recently devastated by the Blackbeard Pirates. After Nami is healed, the reindeer doctor Tony Tony Chopper joins the Straw Hat crew. Upon arriving in Alabasta, Luffy briefly reunites with his brother Portgas D. Ace, a commander in the Whitebeard Pirates who is hunting his former subordinate Blackbeard. After defeating Crocodile, the World Government hides the fact that pirates saved the kingdom. Luffy accepts the mysterious Crocodile subordinate Nico Robin, as the archeologist of his crew. Robin's knowledge comes in handy as the crew ventures towards an island in the sky. Though the existence of Sky Islands is widely ridiculed, Luffy meets the pirate Blackbeard — but does not find out his name. Blackbeard encourages Luffy that Sky Islands do exist and dreams never die.
While visiting Skypiea, the crew is drawn into a four-hundred year war over land. Luffy ends the war by defeating the god Eneru. Upon landing back in the Blue Seas, the Merry is heavily damaged and Luffy seeks a shipwright to repair it. He meets Admiral Aokiji, who easily defeats him. Luffy learns about Robin's background and faces enemies connected to her on Water 7, the island with the best shipwrights in the world. Luffy's crew aligns with the cyborg shipwright Franky, initially an enemy, against the World Government intelligence agency Cipher Pol No. 9. Luffy and his crew save Robin and Franky from the government at Enies Lobby. After their fight with CP9, Luffy encounters his grandfather, Vice Admiral Monkey D. Garp. Garp tells him Shanks and Whitebeard are two of the Four Emperors, the most powerful pirates in the second half of the Grand Line. Luffy is surprised to learn from Garp that the leader of the Revolutionary Army which seeks to topple the World Government is Monkey D. Dragon, Luffy's father. On the way to Fishman Island in their new ship the Thousand Sunny which Franky built, Luffy encounters the skeletal musician Brook. Brook accepts Luffy's offer to join the crew before declining since his shadow has been stolen. To return Brook's shadow, they defeats Warlord Gecko Moria, and Brook becomes Luffy's long-sought musician of the crew. To enter Fishman Island, the crew takes a detour to the Sabaody Archipelago. Roger Pirates' First Mate Silvers Rayleigh is enlisted to coat the Thousand Sunny to enter ocean depths under the Red Line which marks the beginning of the second half of the Grand Line, known as the New World. By this time Luffy has gained worldwide fame as a notorious rookie with bounties over 100 million; these rookies are known as Supernovas and include Zoro, Trafalgar Law, Eustass Kidd, and Capone 'Gang' Bege. Yet Luffy, Zoro and rest of the Straw Hat Pirates are easily defeated by Admiral Kizaru after Luffy punches a World Noble, and Warlord Bartholomew Kuma sends the Straw Hat crew to separate parts of the world.
Stranded on Amazon Lily, an island ruled by the warlord Boa Hancock, Luffy impresses Hancock with his bravery and selflessness. Hancock falls in love with Luffy and brings him to the underground Impel Down prison to save his brother Ace, from execution after Ace was defeated by Blackbeard. Luffy breaks into the prison and meets previous foes and new allies, such as former Warlords Crocodile and Arlong's old captain Jimbei. Along with Buggy and members of the Revolutionary Army, Luffy frees the prisoners but Ace is transferred to Marineford for his execution. Luffy and Buggy lead the prisoners into the war in Marineford between the navy and Whitebeard's forces. Ace gives his life to save Luffy from Admiral Akainu. A broken Luffy is evacuated with Jimbei from Marineford by Trafalgar Law. Returning to Amazon Lily, Luffy remembers first meeting Ace; after Shanks left Windmill Village, Luffy's grandfather Garp left him in the care of his friend the bandit Curly Dadan. Luffy befriends Ace and Sabo, who are like brothers to him, but Sabo is seemingly killed by a World Noble. After returning to Marineford to send a hidden message to his crew, Luffy trains with Rayleigh on Ruskaina Island to become stronger.
Two years later the Straw Hats reunite and finally make it to Fishman Island. Luffy and the others meet Jimbei and the island's princess, Shirahoshi, and are drawn into a battle for the island against the fishman supremacist Hody Jones. He, the crew and Jimbei conceive of a plan to defeat Hody and his henchmen in a way which will alleviate racial tensions. After Hody's defeat, Jimbei promises to join the crew at a later date and Fishman Island seeks to join the Reverie summit of human kings held every four years. Luffy learns Akainu was promoted to Fleet Admiral and Blackbeard replaced Whitebeard as one of the Four Emperors. Luffy begins a feud with the Emperor Big Mom over control of Fishman Island. The crew leaves the ocean depths and enters the secret New World island Punk Hazard. Half of the crew is captured by Caesar Clown, a jealous rival of the scientist Vegapunk and a subordinate of the Warlord and underworld broker Donquixote Doflamingo. Luffy and his crew ally with Trafalgar Law, now a Warlord, who plans to kidnap Caesar as part of a plan to take down the Emperor Kaido. Samurai from the Wano Country, Kinemon and Momonosuke join the alliance to venture to Dressrosa, the kingdom ruled by Doflamingo. With Caesar hostage the alliance lands on Dressrosa, where Luffy enters a tournament to win Ace's Devil Fruit. Here he finds out that Sabo is still alive and a Revolutionary, and with Luffy's blessing Sabo consumes Ace's Devil Fruit. Due to the machinations of Doflamingo, some of the crew is forced to leave for Zou. Luffy and the rest of the crew are forced to fight for their lives when the stumble on the truth of Doflamingo's operations, who attempts to kill everyone in Dressrosa to keep the truth of his rule hidden. With the aid of his fellow competitors in the tournament, Luffy defeats Doflamingo. In the aftermath, seven pirate crews pledge their loyalty to Luffy, despite his protests, marking the formation of the Straw Hat Grand Fleet.
Afterwards the remaining crew and their friends are transported by their new subordinates to Zou and learn it was devastated by the forces of Emperor Kaido. Luffy also learns that Sanji, who was part of the group that head to Zou first had been blackmailed into an arranged marriage by his family to the daughter of Emperor Big Mom. The crew learn from the Mink Tribe about the Road Poneglyphs and their connection to the final island Raftel, where the One Piece is. An alliance between the Samurai, Mink, Straw Hats, and Law is made to defeat Kaido, who is revealed to rule over Wano via a puppet Shogun. But first, Luffy and half the crew, along with the Mink warriors Pedro and Carrot infiltrate Big Mom's territory Tottoland both to retrieve Sanji and copy the writing on the Road Poneglyph Big Mom has in her possession. Luffy and Sanji learn the wedding is a set-up to murder Sanji's family for their advanced technology, while Brook steals a printing of the Road Poneglyph. Big Mom's subordinates Jimbei and Bege betray her and with Luffy and Sanji enact a failed assassination attempt on Big Mom at the wedding, in front of the press. Jimbei joins the crew but is temporarily left behind as the rest of the crew barely escapes from Big Mom's territory. Luffy defeats two of Big Mom's three generals and is proclaimed by the press as the Fifth Emperor of the sea as his bounty skyrockets. This makes Luffy a hot topic at the Reverie, a global summit of 50 kings in Mary Geoise, the capital of the World Government above the Red Line. Most view him as a dangerous madman, but the kings of Sakura, Alabasta, Fishman Island, Dressrosa, and Prodence, secretly favor Luffy since he saved them from tyranny. Meanwhile Luffy and the others are separated entering the Wano Country. Luffy reunites with Zoro before meeting with the rest of the crew and alliance. Luffy challenges the Emperor Kaido, but is defeated and thrown in prison alongside fellow Supernova Eustass Kidd.
In other media[edit]
Luffy has appeared in every One Piece licensed electronic video game to date, including Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars, and is featured in the 2006 Dragon Ball Z-One Piece-Naruto crossover game Battle Stadium D.O.N. Luffy, Son Goku and Naruto Uzumaki were avatars in the MMORPGSecond Life for a Jump Festa promotion, 'Jumpland@Second Life'.[23] Luffy has also been mentioned in songs. He sings about being a wanted pirate in 'Wanted!'[24] and about One Piece in 'Every-One Peace!'[25] Luffy is a major playable character in the crossover game, J-Stars Victory VS.[26]
The character has made guest appearances in Japanese television shows and manga. Luffy and several other characters joined the cast of Dragon Ball in a spinoff entitled Cross Epoch.[27] On April 3, 2011, Luffy and the other One Piece protagonists appeared in the first episode of the Toriko anime series and the crossover manga chapter.[28] Luffy made a cameo appearance in a Weekly Shonen Jump episode of To Love-Ru, and the Gum-Gum was mentioned in the 50th episode of the Gin Tama anime series.[29] He has also appeared in the web comic, VG Cats.[30] In 2008, Toei Animation sponsored the ItalianPallavolo Modenavolleyball team; Pietro Rinaldi and Edoardo Ciabattini's black uniforms were decorated with an image of Luffy on the front.[31] Luffy appeared on the cover of the January 2010 issue of the Japanese fashion magazine Men's Non-No, the first manga character to do so. His clothes were designed by Shinichi 'Miter' Mita.[32]
Reception[edit]
Luffy led all three Shōnen Jump character popularity polls.[33][34][35] According to Funimation Entertainment's Mike McFarland and Christopher Sabat, Luffy was more likable than Dragon Ball'sSon Goku.[36] Joe McCulloch preferred Luffy to Naruto Uzumaki from Naruto because Luffy 'work[ed] his ass off' to achieve his goals after accidentally acquiring his powers.[37] Luffy was nominated in the Best Male Character category for the 2008 Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation Awards, losing to Ichigo Kurosaki of Bleach.[38][39] He was ranked 22nd on Chris Mackenzie's IGN list of top-25 anime characters of all time.[40]NTT customers chose Luffy as their second-favorite black-haired male anime character.[41] The Gum-Gum Gatling technique topped the male category in a Japanese survey of the most popular moves in manga and anime.[42] In a Japanese TV special from August 2017, Luffy was voted as the 8th 'strongest hero' from the Showa Era as well as the 4th one from the Heisei Era.[43]
Luffy has been praised in a number of publications. T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews called Luffy 'likabl[y] goofy' and an idealist with infectious optimism.[44] In a review of One Piece The Movie: Dead End no Bōken, the fourth One Piece film, The Star Online described him as 'an airhead and brilliant fighter'.[45] Rika Takahashi of EX wrote that Luffy's stretching powers set One Piece apart from 'the old stereotypical adventure manga' and the many other 'combat-oriented mangas [sic]', making the series 'something new and interesting'.[46]Anime News Network (ANN) writer Zac Bertschy found Luffy reminiscent of Rurouni Kenshin's character Himura Kenshin in personality and attitude, but still thought him entertaining.[47] Mania Entertainment's Bryce Coulter called Luffy a 'great shonen hero'.[48] ANN's Carl Kimlinger wrote, 'Colleen Clinkenbeard's Luffy continues to grow on you'.[49] In the final chapter of Naruto, Boruto Uzumaki makes a drawing of Luffy as a legacy of him and the series.[50]
In a Weekly Shonen Jump manga, Tsugihagi Hyouryuu Sakka (a character resembling Luffy) says, 'Instead of saying what you hate, say what you like!' In the One Piece manga, Luffy cited but changed it to 'Instead of saying what you like, say what you hate!' The meme was acknowledged in the crossover fighting game, J-Stars Victory VS[51]
Notes[edit]
- ^麦わらのルフィMugiwara no Rufi
- ^Pronounced with a long u, rather than a short one: /ˈluːfi/LOO-fee; Japanese: [ɾɯɸiː]
- ^The Devil Fruit that Luffy gained his abilities from was originally called the Gomu no Mi (ゴムの実, lit. fruit of rubber), but after the editor pointed out that a real rubber fruit existed, the name was changed to the Gomu Gomu no Mi (ゴムゴムの実, lit. fruit of rubber rubber, renamed 'Gum Gum Fruit' in the English adaptations).('Interview with Eiichiro Oda' (in Japanese). manganohi.jp. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2008.)
References[edit]
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (19 July 2001). 'Interview with Eiichiro Oda and Akira Toriyama'. One Piece Color Walk. One Piece (in Japanese). 1. Shueisha. p. 105. ISBN978-4-08-859217-6.
- ^ ab'Shonen Jump'. Vol. 1 no. 3. Viz Media. March 2003.[page needed]
- ^WANTED!. November 4, 1998. p. 208. ISBN4-08-872631-6.
- ^Watanabe, Roy. 'Interview with Eiichiro Oda'. COMICKERS (in Japanese) (October 1998).
- ^Toei Animation (October 20, 1999). '俺はルフィ! 海賊王になる男だ!'. One Piece. Fuji TV.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2008). One Piece, Vol. 52. Shueisha. p. 168. ISBN978-4-08-874602-9.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2008). One Piece, Vol. 52. Shueisha. p. 188. ISBN978-4-08-874602-9.
- ^One Piece 倒せ!海賊ギャンザック!! (DVD). Shueisha. 1998.
- ^'Funimation Confirms One Piece Dub Cast'. Anime News Network. Retrieved 2017-07-25.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (1997). '1'. ROMANCE DAWN —冒険の夜明け—. One Piece (in Japanese). 1. Shueisha. ISBN4-08-872509-3.
- ^ abOda, Eiichiro (2011). '598 2年後'. Romance Dawn: For the New World. One Piece (in Japanese). 61. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-870175-2.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2010). '578 新時代へ贈るもの'. ポートガス・D・エース死す. One Piece (in Japanese). 59. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-870083-0.
- ^'The One Piece Adventurer: A Treasure Trove of Trivia'. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2001). '149 Rumble'. ヒルルクの桜. One Piece (in Japanese). 17. Shueisha. ISBN4-08-873073-9.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2007). '460 夜明け前に取り返せ!!'. オーズの冒険. One Piece (in Japanese). 48. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-874442-1.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2008). '502 天竜人の一件'. 11人の超新星. One Piece (in Japanese). 51. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-874563-3.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2006). '398 宣戦布告'. 宣戦布告. One Piece (in Japanese). 41. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-874442-1.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (1999). 死なねェよ. One Piece. 8. Shueisha. p. 44. ISBN4-08-872712-6.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2008). '388 ギア2'. ギア. One Piece (in Japanese). 40. Shueisha. ISBN4-08-874003-3.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2008). '495 ガオン砲'. 11人の超新星. One Piece (in Japanese). 51. Shueisha. ISBN978-4-08-874563-3.
- ^One Piece Manga Chapter 891
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2015). '784 ギア2'. ギア. One Piece (in Japanese). TBA. Shueisha.
- ^'Dragon Ball, Naruto, One Piece to Enter Second Life'. Anime News Network. August 13, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^One Piece Music & Song Collection II (CD) (in Japanese). Mayumi Tanaka. Japan: Nippon Columbia. 2000. COCX-30383.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^Every-One Peace (CD) (in Japanese). Mayumi Tanaka. Japan: Avex Entertainment. 2003. AVCA-14780.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^'Project Versus J, the 'Ultimate' Shonen Jump Game, to Launch'. Anime News Network. 2012-12-05. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^Toriyama, Akira; Oda, Eiichiro (December 25, 2006). 'Cross Epoch'. Shonen Jump. Dragon Ball & One Piece (in Japanese). 〒101-8050 Tokyo-to, Chiyoda-ku Hitotsubashi 2-5-10: Shueisha (4/5).
- ^'EXCLUSIVE: Get One Piece x Toriko One-Shot Today!'. Shonen Jump. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
- ^Director: Shinji Takamatsu (April 5, 2007). '節目節目に気合を入れ直せ'. Gin Tama. Episode 50. TV Tokyo.
- ^'VG Cats - Probably Not Updated Today'. vgcats.com. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^'Italian volleyball team sponsorship'. Anime News Network. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ^'One Piece's Luffy Adorns Cover of Men's Fashion Mag'. Anime News Network. December 8, 2009. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2005). One Piece, vol. 7. Viz Media. p. 148. ISBN1-59116-852-X.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2002). One Piece, vol. 24. Shueisha. pp. 206–209. ISBN4-08-873282-0.
- ^Oda, Eiichiro (2006). One Piece, vol. 43. Shueisha. pp. 214–219. ISBN4-08-874149-8.
- ^Mike McFarland, Christopher Sabat (Commentators). One Piece: Season 1, First Voyage Disc 1; Staff Commentary on Episode 1 (DVD). Funimation Entertainment.
- ^McCulloch, Joe (29 January 2013). 'THIS WEEK IN COMICS! (1/30/13 – The Face of Mainstream Comics)'. The Comics Journal. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^'Society For The Promotion Of Japanese Animation Announces SPJA Industry Award Finalists At Tokyo International Anime Fair'. Comipress.com. March 27, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
- ^'SPJA Industry Award Winners are Up'. Giapet. July 6, 2008. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
- ^Mackenzie, Chris (October 20, 2009). 'Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time'. IGN. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
- ^Dong, Bamboo (May 5, 2014). 'Japanese Fans Rank Their Favorite Black-Haired Anime Characters'. Anime News Network. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
- ^'Interest: Cobs' Japanese Survey of Favorite Manga Weapon/Move'. Anime News Network. January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
- ^Nakamura, Toshi (September 9, 2017). '12,000 Japanese Fans Vote on Japan's Top Heroes and Heroines'. Anime Now. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^'One Piece the Movie 1: I'll Become the Pirate King!'. THEM Anime Reviews 4.0. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
- ^'Nice Piece of Work'. The Star Online. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ^Takahashi, Rika (1998). 'One Piece'. Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
- ^Bertschy, Zac (August 3, 2002). 'One Piece anime review'. Anime News Network. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^Coulter, Bryce (June 5, 2008). 'One Piece Season 1 Part 1'. Mania Entertainment. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^Kimlinger, Carl (September 29, 2008). 'One Piece DVD – Season One Part 2 Second Voyage'. Anime News Network. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^漫道コバヤシ第13号「NARUTO完結!岸本斉史SP」 [Kobayashi No. 13 'Completion of Naruto! Masashi Kishimoto SP'] (in Japanese). Fuji Television. December 13, 2014.
- ^Timson, Eric (March 25, 2014). 'Luffy Acknowledges Meme in J-Stars Victory Vs'. Anime News Network. Retrieved March 25, 2014.